PPP-106 ebd Peugeot 106 Rallye engine build project PT1
PPP-106 ebd Peugeot 106 rallye engine build project PT1 This video includes: PPP-106 Rocker FEA On CAD model using SolidWorks & Cosmos – Study to determine the allowable modifications. Render if the inlet tract & manifold plates. The PPP-106 EBD Stage 4 Head – Peugeot 106 Rallye TU2J2 – A little look over the Head in an almost complete state, this is just waiting for the modified Valve guides & the Chambers to be balanced. This will be fitted with 214N Austinetic stainless steel One Piece valves. See pickard.engineeredbydesign.co.uk for details on the full engine car build. Visit the ebd homepage here: www.engineeredbydesign.co.uk
Video Rating: 4 / 5
BMW Connecting Rod Modifications
John Edwards discusses how he machines BMW connecting rods to reduce weight for increased RPM for naturally aspirated and forced induction engines. www.engine-machining.com
Video Rating: 4 / 5
Motorcycle Modifications
This is an article about motocross bike modifications and fabrication of extinct parts. Any motocross enthusiast reading this will surely know the pain of ringing your local bike dealership and being told the part you are looking for is no longer in production or is unachievably expensive! This is where Victor Joyce Engineering would like to help. If you have any questions or would like to join the discussion please feel free to viit our blog. We have solutions to most problems with regards to motorbike modifications and would like to hear your suggestions.
We are serious motorcycle enthusiasts at Victor Joyce Engineering. This is a little bit of the latest work we have done on some bikes. There is a 2003 KX 250 we repaired the rear brake caliper on. The pin holding the brake pads were worn and we had to fabricate a new one on our lathe and the caliper had worn unevenly so this required some aluminium welding and precision sanding to create the right angle again. There is also a pre ’65 trials enthusiasts Tiger Club bike we fabricated a custom stainless steel exhaust for and an aluminium oil tank and we had to grind out some old stick welding and lay some nice tidy tig welds down to increase the structural integrity of the beast!
We are currently involved in the design and fabrication of some custom stainless steel exhausts for road bikes and there will be photographs and details regarding this shortly.
We have involvement in a lot of motorbike repairs and modifications including full strip downs and re-builds, component and part fabrication and general discussions concerning this topic. If you have any questions, queries or suggestions we would love to hear from you so please visit our blog (link below) and get involved in the discussion.
http://www.victorjoyceengineering.co.uk/blog/dirt-bikes/dirt-bike-fabrication/
The Advantage Of A Diesel Engine
A vehicle that runs on diesel engine has many advantages over the other vehicles that are dependent on other engines. Powerful torque and fuel efficiency are some of the advantages to name a few but not all. Maintaining a car that is diesel driven is pretty easy too. Acceleration and the overall engine power of a diesel car is not up to the expectation of some motor heads, but what they do not understand is that a diesel engine powered car can be more powerful than what it already is, just by a few modifications alone. Moreover, after this process it does not lose out on fuel efficiency either.
It is because of the invention of Rudolf Diesels 1892 patent of the engine that we have an option today other than the internal combustion engine that runs on gasoline and powers most vehicles these days. The hybrid, rotary engines are also an option though. Perhaps North America has seen the application of diesel engines mainly and largely in buses and pick up trucks.
Diesel vs. gasoline
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Gasoline engines require spark plugs and they need to be tuned up because these work on an air/fuel mixture to create the necessary power to run the car. Diesel engines do not require spark plugs at all because these use the process of air combustion to provide their cars with the necessary power.
The diesel fuel is of a higher density than gasoline so the twenty to thirty percent fuel that one saves more than the gasoline powered engine is no surprise.
Not only does the gasoline engine have more pats that may need repairing and maintaining, but also the overall lifespan of a diesel engine is much more than the gasoline engine.
Diesel engines are in many ways better than gasoline engines, but that does not necessarily mean that they are flawless. Diesel engines too have their share of flaws and problems and that is the reason why there is not a majority of vehicles in the states that run on diesel engines.
The first reason is that most of these engines can not pass the strict emissions control standards simply because they pollute more. This environmental challenge that the diesel engine faces is promised to be somewhat solved by VW, through its new series of engines that are due to come out son enough.
Acceleration is a problem that can not be solved totally even with modifications and that deters most Americans as a diesel engine requires almost double the effort to accelerate to full speed.
As the days pas by us, more and more technological advances are made everyday, so we are hopeful about diesel engines overcoming these set backs as well. In fact, aftermarket product manufacturers already are able to somewhat lift the low power quotient of a diesel engine to acceptable standards. These experts are raising both the hp and the torque of the diesel engines to significant levels without cutting down the fuel efficiency even by a single percent.
outsourcing engineering services
Engineering services are those service functions that deal with or related to core engineering processes. Examples are CAD/CAM, auto design, etc. the distinction needs to drawn here is between engineering functions and engineering service functions. An engineering function could be engine manufacturing and engineering service function could be designing an engine. It is similar to the distinction between manufacturing and manufacturing support services. As engineering has many branches engineering service also has those branches (such as civil, mechanical, electrical etc)
For pretty much the same reasons why many other services Such as traditional business process such as accounting and software development are outsourced
cost
Ability to get better quality through a vendor qualification in and focused on a specific service domain while cost was perhaps the most important as per the most important aspect in business process, outsourcing in the qualified domain focused vendor is an equally important driving factor
But engineering service outsourcing (ESO) is much more complex than BPO (business process outsourcing) because of the complex nature of engineering design. Engineering services delivery judgment. Engineering design work centers on products IPs of manufacturing companies most of the services outsourced are related to design services around patented products, design specifications or customized interior of a total engineering solution
In practical case only some type of engineering services can be outsourced some can’t outsource practically. A rather wide range of engineering support services have been outsourced for many years but most of these outsourcing assignments have been with onshore or near shore partners /vendors offshore outsourcing is of engineering services is a relatively recent phenomena and only a small subset of services are currently being off shored examples are CAD outsourcing for a verity of design intensive industries, automobile and other product designing ,testing and analyzing of products for various parameters and characteristics many companies have to begun to make a mark successfully using the skill-sets , tools and experience from IT software and services to evolve from providing basic data conversion and services to evolve from providing basic data conversion through 2Dand 3D CAD/CAM/CAE , advanced simulation, prototyping , testing ,PLM, product design (engineering), process engineering plant automation and asset management solutions through most of the initial players in the segment have emerged from legacy it services businesses today the segment has matured and independent engineering service practice
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Engineering work is unique in the sense that is generally not considers as a commodity rather it is considered as a value added service. It is not some thing that can be automated as there are always some different factors and engineering technologies .the engineer is in contact with the client at all steps the user may also be brought in the process this is a process, constant reevaluation of the process and progress is required this leads to modifications upon the sales or may teach the use of the product
idea phase:- identification of a problem or an idea( new building, new product)
design phase:-the engineer analyses the idea of a problem and designs solution under guiding factors listed below
Test phase:-the engineer applies the design to a model to test. This would occur frequently with products as opposed to construction
manufacturing or construction phase:-the engineer supervises the manufacturing process or improvements made to a plant , operating system , modifications during this process
product completion phase:-engineer or manufacturer may simply hand product over client, may sell the product, may actually operate the product or may actually teach the operation to the user
There are many advantages by outsourcing engineering services (ESO) online .offshore engineering services can outsourced to many companies or professionals all over the world. Outsourcing engineering services can hold enormous potential. With large number of labor driven and labor-intensive engineering processes that can be outsourced are structural drafting, detailing and lot more one of the main advantages of engineering process outsourcing ESO online is the substantial decrease of labor costs, which do not compromise on quality. Online ESO providers are technically proficient and zealous eye for details as you can select from the best ensuring that service levels remain as good or for superior to those in countries like US
Perhaps the most far reaching advantage is the opportunity it gives the company outsourcing focus its time and efforts on more important business processes with the responsibility of repetitive labor intensive tasks being allotted to a trust worthy provider online. One can free time and resources for core processes
These sites allow world wide providers to sign up for free so if you are already an ESO provider don’t forget to sign up on them for increasing your business .this time you get confusion where you can your ESO projects online. There are many online places where you can outsource your ESO projects. Look into my website for more details
Cheap Toy RC Car Mods
Like Stratus Productions on FaceBook: www.facebook.com Pimping out a walmart toy rc car. Lots of different modifications.
400hp Supercharged Gold CV8Z Monaro
CV8 Monaro running up 400hp on the Dyno. All engine modifications were performed by Australian Performance Centre in Perth, Western Australia. www.apcenhancements.com.au
Video Rating: 4 / 5
S Falls Airshow 2009- Vanguard Squadron
The Worlds only 100% Ethanol Powered Airshow Team. Based out of Tea, SD, the Vanguards perform precision formation aerobatics in Ethanol powered RV-3A aircraft. Ethanol is taking flight as America’s premiere renewable fuel. The Vanguard Squadron flies a dazzling four ship formation aerobatic airshow powered by ethanol. The Vanguard Squadron has been ethanol powered since the team began flying together in 1993. Ethanol adds power and performance to the Squadron’s aircraft without any major engine modifications. The team has over 3000 flight hours using 100% ethanol. Vanguard pilots are Gary Kuhns (Lead), Todd Eslick, (Right Wing), Steve Thompson (Left Wing), Todd Schaufenbuel (Slot). (On August 16, 2009 Todd Eslick died in a crash near the Tea SD Airport in an RV8 aircraft along with his 12 year old companion. He will be sadly missed by his family, friends and those who loved to watch him perform in the Vanguard Squadron airshows.)
Used Supra Engine Keeps Cult Status
History and Status
Anyone who knows anything about Japanese sports cars knows all too well the giant made by Toyota. The Supra has the speed power and looks to be called a muscle car. The design has changed very little over its lifespan and it has come to be known as a classic, especially since you can no longer buy it from a Toyota showroom. Once called the Celica Supra in the late 1970s, the car rose to be an alternative to the brutish American cars of that time.
Call to Glory
The Supra is lusted after for several reasons. One of the chief selling points of the car nowadays is the extreme adaptability of the engine. It came as a 3.o litre twin turbo inline six cylinder when in its last year of production. The twin turbos could be tuned to safely handle as much as 20 pounds per square inch of boost and this allowed the car to make at least 35 more horsepower in most cases. The car responds well to modifications and there are several tuner houses and parts available to make the car even more menacing that Toyota already made it. 700 horsepower is not uncommon among these cars and the engine block can take it although modifications to the head and intake manifolds are recommended. It could get to 60 miles per hour in 5.4 seconds and could reach 170 miles per hour.
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However, modifications by some owners have seen 0-60 times of less than 3 seconds and no one really knows how fast the car could go as official tests are very sparse and frequently undocumented. The engine was a masterpiece and it was sold in the Land Cruiser and in some Lexus models in other markets. It was always reliable and in the Supra, the engine was mounted to the car on springs. The engine also had lifters in the late years. The lifters allowed for more air to enter the engine because at certain engine speeds the cam profiles would change. This allowed for improved efficiency and power in the later models of the Solara.
Interior
The car had a funky interior with a huge air vent in the middle and top of the dashboard. The steering wheel was well designed and had the right feel while the gearshift had short throws and had a very acceptable speed range. The seats were comfortable even though the rear seats, being a 2+2 coupe were a squeeze for most adult sized humans. The Supra will forever live on in the hearts of the petrol head as the only true sports car Toyota ever built.
Water Fueled Car, Hydrogen Fuel Kit, hho, Free Energy, Free Fuel
www.everythings-4u.com Shows you kit styles that work on 99.9% of vehicles running on gas , diesel, petrol and will even work on todays hybrids. Your vehicle warranty is preserved and you can add or remove the system in minutes with simple DIY tools. This system is SAFE for your vehicle and requires no engine modifications like others. Discover How To DIY Quickly, And Easily Convert Your Gas Or Diesel Vehicle To Run With Water And Gas And Start Laughing At High Gas Prices.
Video Rating: 0 / 5
2012 KTM300 EXC – EDOG200′S new mount
The 2012 range of the KTM EXC dirt bike has arrived in Australia. A new chasis, and significant engine modifications proved to tempting for edog and he bought one.
Video Rating: 5 / 5
Classic Lamborghini Jalpa
Check out my blogspot for daily updates!! supercarsofmaryland.blogspot.com If you have any ideas as to how I can make my future videos better please leave it in the comment below. Thanks:) Please Rate, Comment and subscribe.
Video Rating: 5 / 5
Diesel Engine Performance – Maximize Power and Torque
During the past ten years the market for diesel engine performance tuning has increased significantly and nowadays modifications are common place and both cheaper and easier than ever to use.
Most modern diesel engines employ one or more turbos to achieve increased power with lower emissions. The use of two turbos in some of the latest power plants leads to greater responsiveness across the rev range, with very impressive performance benefits. Turbo powered vehicles, whether using a single or dual turbos, are particularly able to benefit from tuning modifications and can see some of the greatest increases in BHP and torque. An general increasing output of modern diesel engines is being achieved in part though the use of advanced electronics which are able to monitor the engine and fine tune performance whilst balancing power with fuel efficiency. These electronics are often known as the ECU (engine control unit), but may be also be referred to as a PCM (power-train control module) or an ECM (engine control module). It is because of these electronic units that it has become easier than ever before to tune, or remap, the output of a diesel unit.
You might now be thinking “if it is possible to remap the electronics to increase power and torque then why don’t diesel engines come like that from new?”. The simple answer is that when developing a new vehicle, manufactures have to balance a wide range of considerations whilst also ensuring that the engine will be able to run in all extremes of conditions, temperatures and altitudes. Manufactures are also often keen to ensure that their cars and trucks return good consumption figures at common road speeds so that they appeal to consumers in a world of increasing fuel costs. Most vehicles do not therefore run at their optimal performance level when they are being used in typical conditions, and can be safely modified to provide much improved responsiveness.
Tuning a diesel unit by professionally modifying or remapping the ECU allows the full performance potential to be fully realised and can frequently result in astounding improvements in power and torque output. And most impressively of all, these increases in performance are often able to be achieved at the same time as increasing fuel economy meaning that the cost of the modification can be recouped by simply driving whilst enjoying that performance boost.
Water Fueled Car, Hydrogen Fuel Kit, Free Energy, Free Fuel, hho
www.everythings-4u.com Shows you kit styles that work on 99.9% of vehicles running on gas , diesel, petrol and will even work on todays hybrids. Your vehicle warranty is preserved and you can add or remove the system in minutes with simple DIY tools. This system is SAFE for your vehicle and requires no engine modifications like others. Discover How To DIY Quickly, And Easily Convert Your Gas Or Diesel Vehicle To Run With Water And Gas And Start Laughing At High Gas Prices.
Loan Modification Firms: The Top 11 Questions to Ask Before You Hire A Professional To Negotiate With Your Bank
Most homeowners that are experiencing financial difficulty have probably heard of loan modifications by now. In the past year or so, loan modifications have gone from being a little-known niche industry, to one of the most controversial topics in real estate and in America today.
As soon as homeowners falls behind on their mortgage, many are immediately swarmed by mail and phone calls from “foreclosure rescue” companies. Pundits on TV cry out such as: “call your lender to negotiate. They want to keep you in your house…” Or better yet, “help is freely available from the government!”
Obviously, these same so-called pundits haven’t experienced luxuries such being on hold for over 2 hours with loss mitigation at Bank of America before getting disconnected, or other realities of the current mortgage crisis.
The reality is that homeowners who have tried to get their own loans modified or use so-called “free services” have been met with frustration, deceit, incompetence, bureaucracy, and failure due to a system which is rigged to favor the banks, not the homeowners.
My Personal Experience with Financial Hardship and Loan Modification
I speak from personal experience. Hurricane Katrina wiped out my real estate business and I had to do my own loan modifications. I spent over 2 years trying to get insurance claims paid on damaged properties after hiring several attorneys, public adjusters, and engineers.
The irony was that lenders only allowed a 6 month grace period and they wanted their money. 6 months and 2 years left a bit of a gap as you can imagine. I scrambled not only to rebuild my business, but also to save my own home after this catastrophe.
I learned a very hard lesson after the events following Katrina. The banks are definitely not looking out for you. Having a professional on my side would have leveled the playing field.
Former Subprime Brokers Swoop To Take Advantage of the Mess They Created
While government help has been ineffective, many former subrpime mortgage brokers have swarmed in to offer “loan modifications” to desperate homeowners. These individuals have not only scammed homeowners who were already in financial desperation, they have tarnished an industry that serves a vital role in getting our country out of the mess that is in.
This report is dedicated to help those that realize that hiring a professional loan modification firm with a track record of success, is their best solution in keeping their home.
My guarantee to you: after reading through these eleven questions, you will be confident on how to evaluate a potential loan modification firm, and to seperate the scammers from the professionals who can actually help you keep your home.
Ready? Let’s get started.
1.) How long has the company in question been representing clients for loan modifications?
While the fact that a company is new by itself doesn’t necessarily mean that you are going to get a bad modification, you’re less likely to be scammed if the business you are dealing with has some sort of track record.
If it is a brand new company, or they just started doing loan modifications, you want to use more caution. Even attorneys and law firms are no exception to this rule. Law firms have been hit by the downturn as well, and as they have seen their billable hours reduced, some scramble to find work in other areas such as loan modifications.
Whether they are actually competent enough to get a successful modification done is a different matter, and they must be evaluated as stringently as any other company.
2.) What is the loan modification company’s success rate in achieving successful loan modifications?
Most loan modification firms will claim to have above a “90% success rate”.
If the company can’t tell you their success rate, this is an immediate red flag and you should run, not walk the other way! Ask yourself: if you were in a service business like this, would you take the time to know how many loan modifications you had taken on, and how many had been approved?
Second, you need to dig further when a company gives you their so-called “success rate”. What does that mean? That the company got a modification with a payment higher than before and the homeowner defaulted 3 months into it – is that considered a “successful modification”?
The definition you should hold of a “successful loan modification” is where the borrower is able to keep their home. Any loan modification company that takes fees after they have a client’s budget and knows they can’t afford the payment, is inherently unethical.
If the loan modification company can’t give you a solid idea of what their real success rate is in getting quality loan modifications done that allow the borrowers to stay in their homes at their current income level, then you need to look elsewhere.
3.) Do you have recent examples of successful modifications you have done?
The loan modification company should be able to produce some documentation of the work they have done. Since the loan modification documents contain personal financial information, you may see the specific new terms such as interest rate and fixed term, but not the homeowner’s personal information such as name, address etc.
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If the company cannot produce examples, or they reply “…well I haven’t done any yet but I’ve been a loan officer and a real estate agent for 3 years, how hard can it be?”, let someone else be their guinea pig. Saving your home is too important of a task to put in the hands of an amateur.
Also, make sure that the examples are modifications performed by that particular company. A typical scam operation will use “generic” testimonials and loan modifications, or will take the liberty “As Seen on TV” because they talk about loan modifications on TV shows, but not that actual company. If a company cuts corners on testimonials, what makes you think they aren’t going to cut corners when it comes to negotiating with your lender?
4.) What criteria do you look at when deciding whether or not you can do loan modifications?
Examine the answer to this one carefully, and try to get the loan modification company to answer it before they know about your situation. This is a true test of whether they fall into the boiler room category, or a professional advisor.
If the loan modification rep gives a song and dance about how they can do any modification and can save your home no matter what, you know you are dealing with a scam.
A reputable loan modification firm will need to obtain a full analysis and assessment of your hardship, income, assets, liabilities, with supporting docs before they can make any promises, and will be upfront with you that they cannot help every person that contacts them.
Unfortunately, not every homeowner qualifies for a loan modification. If you currently have no income, or any prospects of becoming re-employed in the near future, you may not qualify for a loan modification.
If your lender is not doing loan modifications at this time, you may not qualify. Every situation is different. A competent, professional loan modification company, that does hundreds or thousands of loan modifications each month is going to have a general idea of what lenders are willing to do in terms of modification. These criteria are changing literally weekly, due to the current financial crisis and bailout legislation.
It is up to the professionalism of the loan modification company to not take your fee if they know they cannot help you, or better yet, have a results-based money back guarantee to hold themselves accountable.
5.) How long does it usually take to successfully negotiate a modification for your client?
Today’s lending environment is always fluctuating on a near daily basis, with new legislation being proposed, failed banks, and many other factors. Still, a good loan modification company should be able to give you some idea of how long the process is going to take.
If they duck and run at this question without a clear explanation, you need to give them the finger. (That’s taking your finger and pressing the receiver!)
6.) Does the company offer a money bank guarantee for their services? Do they guarantee that you will have a lower payment than before?
This is a big one. Stories abound of people that were promised the world by a loan modification company, paid a fee of several thousand dollars, and ended up never hearing back from the company.
If a company does not offer a guarantee, or gives an excuse such as “..no one can guarantee results”, buyer beware. If they do offer a guarantee, examine closely as to what they mean exactly. Some inexperienced loan modification companies do not have the skill to get quality loan modifications done, resulting in payments that are even higher than before!
Bear in mind that loan modification companies take significant risk in offering a guarantee. They are performing a service with up front costs, so it isn’t like returning clothes that they can re-sell.
On the other hand, you as the homeowner are taking a gigantic risk in putting out your hard earned money to do a modification.
You see, by having a strong guarantee, the loan modification company essentially provides a check and balance on whether to take your fee or not – since they know if they don’t do their job, or get a poor modification done for you, they bear a financial risk.
7.) Do they offer a free approval process or is there a charge up front to take an application? If your state requires that a loan modification
Genetic Engineering its meaning and applications
Genetic Engineering its meaning and applications.
By Prof Ghulam Mohyuddin wani
Genetic Engineering can be defined as the modification of genetic material by human manipulation. These modifications are such as not to occur naturally. It does not include the routine known natural ways of animal or plant breeding or mutagenesis. It involves the incorporation of DNA through DNA/RNA Hybridization.
The techniques known as DNA recombinant techniques are used to achieve these agnatic manipulations. The routine techniques of IVF in vitro-fertilization are not included in the genetic engineering as it involves the union of gametes outside uterus and not incorporation or injection of DNA OR RNA.For the first time genetic engineering of bacteria was used in 1973.The mice was genetic engineering model was evolved in 1974.The insulin producing bacteria through genetic modification was commercialized in 1982.The genetically modified foods called( GM FOODS) are in operation since 1994.A row of legal and ethical questions are roaming the horizon of GM foods since then. The GM rice has so far the highest productivity per hectare. Sometimes we have to choose GM FOODS to conquer the hunger of the world.
I feel the GM foods may not be as natural as normally grow foods, but then limiting land resources; soil degradation, water shortages and growing population are the compelling forces to stimulate GM food production. Thus it is time to find out any defects within GM foods to overcome them. Their use in future seems to be a generation gap as for anything new in any generation. The GE (genetic engineering) TECHNIQUE. Principle. It involves the introduction of new genetic material in the form DNA/RNA in the host genome. Thus a foreign genetic material is inserted into the host, so as to bring a change gene expression in the offspring, akin to the inserted gene.
Thus the genetic expression of the host gene traits is mordified.It has few simple to utter bur complex to execute steps as. 1. Isolation and coping of the genetic material intended to be inserted. 2. Generating a construct containing all the components for the desired expression. 3. Inserting this construct into the host organism. There many other ways to perform GE such as gene targeting. This aims at knocking out the targeted genes using specific nucleases such as zinc finger nucleases .Medicines like insulin and human growth hormone are now produced from bacteria. We have now oncomouse,knockout mouse available for use in such experiments. We have created insect resistant crops and herbicide tolerant crops by Genetic engineering which we call GM FOODS. We are using these techniques for cheap production of medicines and crops .
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They is called Pharming as against natural Farming. In 2009 FDA of USA has approved the sale of pharmaceutical protein anithrombin and goat milk produced using genetic engineering techniques. Effects and impressions of Genetic Engineering Hybridization. Heritable materials prepaid in-vitro is infused either directly into the host or its cell. It is thus fused or hybridized with the host. There are both DNA and RNA recombinant techniques in use. The recombinant nucleic acid DNA/RNA is used to give us new heritable genetic materials for incorporation in the host directly or through a vector. Many ways called micro-injections,microencapsulations are common. The traditional animal or plant breeding methods are not included. The in-vitro fertilization,polyploidy,mutagenesis does not involve modified genetic materials from other sources as such are not included as Genetic Engineering Techniques. Similarly the cell fusion or even stem cell technologies cannot be included as GE techniques .Genetic Engineering by incorporating recumbent DNA or RNA can however be performed on them. Now synthetic genetic materials are available to broaden the horizon of the GE Technology and a new name coined. It is Synthetic Biology a new field of Biology which may be demanded and taught in every school and college in future. Once this is done and successful on a large scale a new synthetic food industry may come into existence.
This synthetic food may be quite different than the GM foods and may be the source of discussion and critics in future too but its significance in reducing the food costs along with medicines and other products may be harnessed to save natural resources and much more. Every new and unnatural technological intervention has its limitations, but if limitations are less than benefits human nature and development spur is bound to use them. Past Animal and plant breeding methods The selective breeding has been used by the humans since past thousands of years. The genetically alterations of the natural populations have been on the run since the human habitation of this planet. The mutagenesis and cross breeding operations have been changing the germplasm face from many centuries. Many animal and plant species who did not merit selection or further propagation were left to die and they no moor eexist.Ironical may it sound we use the modern GE techniques to appreciate their merits of disease resistance, tolerance to draught and low soil substrates. Since 1970 the genetic engineering has been in vogue. Has it some relation with the DNA inventions needs discussion and review. It is strange like superman’s scientific and technological ideas on HBO false the genetic engineering also came into existence with the then science fiction novel entitled Dragons Island. T
his novel was published in 1951.Its author Jack Williamson was first to coin the name Genetic Engineering..This novel was published a year or so before the role of DNA in heredity was reported by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase.It was only in1953 i.e. two years after the publication of the novel that James Watson and Francis Crick showed that DNA was a double –helix structure. There after the following scientists contributed to GE development. A brief is mentioned as. Table 1 –Scientific contributions in Genetic Engineering Year Scientist Technology 1972 PaulBerg Recombinant DNA( monkey virus SV40 with Lambda virus 1973 Hebert Boyer First transgenic organism (In.E.coli plasmid antibiotic resist And Stanley Cohen -ance gene incorporation.) 1974 Rudolf.Jaenish Transgenic mouse (FOREIGN DNA into embryo) 1976 Robert Swanson Genetech First Genetic Engineering company in world 1977 Genetech Somatostatin a human protein in E.coli 1978 Genetech Human INSULIN 1980 US Supreme Court Patenting of GE Products allowed 1982 Humulin Insulin produced by bacteria allowed to be released by FDA 1986 USA/FRANCE Genetic Engineering in plants .Tobacco plant resistant ant to herbicides. 1992 China Produced commercialized transgenic tobacco plants resistant to virus 1994 Calgene Release of Flavr Savr tomato for longest shelf life 1994 Europe First GM crop Europe.Bromoxynil resistant tobacco plants 1995 USA BT. Potato 2009 World Eleven GM crops grown commercially in 25 countries. 2010 J.Craig venter Institute firstbacnthetic baterial genome –bacteria so named Synthia ,worlds first synthetic life and thus start of synthetic Biology-a new curriculum addition to Biology. This lecture was delivered at DIVISION OF Biotechnology,at Faculity of veterinary sciences and Animal Husbandry,,as chief Guest on the training programme on Assisted Reproduction Technologies In small Ruminants,The programme was sponsored by NationalInovation project,GOI,and held at aAlusteing,srinagar,skuast campus on 16th of March,2011 and appreciated by participinats Feed back to. fastwani@yahoo.com